Reliability-based formulation of building vulnerability to debris flow impacts

Physical building vulnerability to debris flows is defined as the potential damage degree of buildings for a given flow intensity. In this paper, physical characteristics both intensity and response are considered. Uncertainties in capacity explicitly quantified evaluate probability typical reinforced concrete subjected impact. Four states with clear failure mechanisms using multi-source information from field observations, numerical simulation, expert experience. Two series fragility models proposed based on practical impact pressure models. Several measures investigated. A better indication can be provided measure that represents specific mechanism; e.g., force (hv 2 ) force-dominated failures or overturning moment (h v moment-dominated failures, where h depth velocity, respectively. The corresponding surfaces best express damage. thresholds curves consistent those empirical curves. methodology presented paper promotes assessment physics-based modeling, leading more reliable evaluation caused by flows.